Nutritional type
|
Energy source
|
Carbon source
|
Examples
|
Photoautotroph
|
Light
|
Inorganic carbon, i.e. CO2
|
Some purple and green bacteria (Chromatium)
|
Photoheterotroph
|
Light
|
Organic compounds
|
Some purple and green bacteria (Rhodospirillum)
|
Chemoautotroph (Lithotroph, Lithoautotroph)
|
Inorganic compounds; H2, H2S,
NH3
|
CO2
|
Many Archaea and few bacteria (Nitrosomanas)
|
Chemoheterotroph (Heterotroph)
|
Organic compounds
|
Organic compounds
|
Few Arcaea and many bacteria (Pseudomonas)
|
Type
|
Minimum (0C)
|
Optimum (0C)
|
Maximum (0C)
|
|
Psychrophile
|
Below 0
|
10-15
|
Below 20
|
Contain unsaturated
fatty acids in plasma membrane to tolerate.
|
psychrotroph
|
0
|
15-30
|
Above 25
|
Able to grow at low T but
prefer moderate T
|
Mesophile
|
10-15
|
30-40
|
Below 45
|
Most bacteria especially
the ones associated with warm-blooded animals.
|
Thermophile
|
45
|
45-70
|
Above 100
|
Contain Saturated fatty
acids in plasma membrane. High glucose and carbon content as well as high
melting point for DNA.
|
Hyperthermophile
|
80
|
80-115
|
Above 115
|
Contain phytane and
modified proteins in plasma membrane. High glucose
and carbon content as well as high melting point for DNA.
|
Type
|
Aerobic condition
|
Anaerobic condition
|
Obligate aerobe
|
Growth
|
No growth
|
Microaerophiles
|
Growth; when the O2
is at very low level
|
No growth
|
Obligate anaerobe
|
No growth; O2 is
toxic
|
Growth
|
Facultative anaerobe/
facultative aerobe
|
Growth; Not essential to
grow but utilized when available
|
Growth
|
Aerotolerant anaerobe
|
Growth; neither essential
nor utilized
|
Growth
|
Type
|
Speciality
|
Halophile
|
Require NaCl for growth
|
Halo tolerant
|
Able to grow at moderate
salt concentrations but grow best in the absence of NaCl
|
Osmophile
|
Able to grow in high levels
of suger
|
Xerophile
|
Able to grow in dry
conditions
|
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